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Document

Let’s Talk: Moving upstream

This condensed guide describes how public health works at three levels—downstream, midstream, and upstream—to improve everyone’s chance for good health. It provides definitions, examples and strategies to help practitioners and decision makers think about, and work with, the upstream determinants of health.

A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health

This paper introduces the conceptual framework that guides the work of the WHO’s Commission on the Social Determinants of Health. The document describes how the framework came about, its two “levels of causation’ of health inequities, and the “policy directions” it points to.

Let’s Talk: Universal and targeted approaches to health equity

Research indicates that interventions designed to close the gap between the most and least healthy can unwittingly result in a wider gap. This resource is a condensed guide to the differences, strengths and challenges of targeted, proportionate and universal approaches to improving health equity.

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