{"id":7002,"date":"2016-03-09T12:58:31","date_gmt":"2016-03-09T12:58:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nccdh.local\/resource\/inequalities-in-health-definitions-concepts-and-theories\/"},"modified":"2025-11-06T17:20:17","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T17:20:17","slug":"inequalities-in-health-definitions-concepts-and-theories","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/fr\/resources\/entry\/inequalities-in-health-definitions-concepts-and-theories\/","title":{"rendered":"Inequalities in health: Definitions, concepts and theories"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\t\tLes auteurs se sont d&rsquo;abord donn&eacute; comme objectif de concevoir une ressource centralis&eacute;e pour comprendre les aspects m&eacute;thodologique, th&eacute;orique et philosophique de la recherche sur les in&eacute;galit&eacute;s de sant&eacute;. Ils tenaient en outre &agrave; faire ressortir les &eacute;l&eacute;ments qui n&rsquo;ont pas &eacute;t&eacute; suffisamment d&eacute;battus dans les recherches ant&eacute;rieures, comme comprendre la diff&eacute;rence entre les r&eacute;sultats obtenus lorsqu&rsquo;on mesure les &eacute;carts en ayant recours &agrave; deux param&egrave;tres g&eacute;ographiques diff&eacute;rents, soit l&rsquo;espace et le lieu. Les auteurs font d&rsquo;abord la distinction tr&egrave;s nette entre les in&eacute;galit&eacute;s de sant&eacute; in&eacute;vitables (c&#39;est-&agrave;-dire les diff&eacute;rences entre les personnes ou les groupes) et celles qui donnent lieu &agrave; des &eacute;carts injustes, &eacute;vitables et syst&eacute;miques.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\tIls pr&eacute;sentent ensuite les concepts cl&eacute;s pour recueillir et interpr&eacute;ter l&rsquo;information sur les in&eacute;galit&eacute;s en sant&eacute; et les param&egrave;tres servant le plus souvent &agrave; l&rsquo;analyse des in&eacute;galit&eacute;s de sant&eacute; au sein de populations et entre ces derni&egrave;res, y compris : les diff&eacute;rences entre certains groupes de population par opposition &agrave; la r&eacute;partition des d&eacute;terminants de la sant&eacute; dans l&rsquo;ensemble de la population; les in&eacute;galit&eacute;s de sant&eacute; parmi les groupes sociaux et les difficult&eacute;s li&eacute;es &agrave; la d&eacute;finition des groupes; la position sociale absolue par rapport &agrave; la position sociale relative (ce qui se r&eacute;v&egrave;le particuli&egrave;rement important quand on tient compte de l&rsquo;incidence de la pauvret&eacute; sur la sant&eacute;); les in&eacute;galit&eacute;s de sant&eacute; de nature g&eacute;ographique en termes d&rsquo;espace et de lieu; et le caract&egrave;re complexe des m&eacute;thodes de surveillance et de rapport des in&eacute;galit&eacute;s de sant&eacute; tout au long de la vie. La discussion s&rsquo;&eacute;tend ensuite aux cadres d&rsquo;analyse et aux th&eacute;ories pour comprendre les in&eacute;galit&eacute;s de sant&eacute;, de m&ecirc;me qu&rsquo;aux m&eacute;canismes causals et aux effets sanitaires conditionnels qui relient les facteurs g&eacute;ographiques et sociaux &agrave; la sant&eacute;.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\tLes auteurs concluent&nbsp; en posant une s&eacute;rie de questions contextuelles et &eacute;thiques sur la conception, l&rsquo;ex&eacute;cution et l&rsquo;utilisation des travaux de recherche sur les in&eacute;galit&eacute;s de sant&eacute; pour mieux &eacute;tablir les priorit&eacute;s, les points de r&eacute;f&eacute;rence et les programmes politiques connexes en vue d&rsquo;att&eacute;nuer les in&eacute;galit&eacute;s de sant&eacute;.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<strong>Servez-vous de cet outil pour :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t\tmieux comprendre les concepts de base en mati&egrave;re de mesure et d&rsquo;&eacute;valuation qui sont utilis&eacute;s dans les travaux de recherche sur l&rsquo;&eacute;galit&eacute; en sant&eacute;<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\tam&eacute;liorer votre capacit&eacute; &agrave; faire une analyse critique des rapports sur la sant&eacute; des populations et des conclusions des travaux de recherche qui se rapportent aux r&eacute;sultats li&eacute;s &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;quit&eacute; en sant&eacute;<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\tint&eacute;grer les mesures d&rsquo;&eacute;quit&eacute; en sant&eacute; dans vos processus de planification et d&rsquo;&eacute;valuation des programmes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\t\t<strong>R&eacute;f&eacute;rence bibliographique :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\n\t\tArcaya, M.C., A.L. Arcaya, et S.V. Subramanian (2015). &laquo; Inequalities in health: definitions, concepts and theories &raquo;. Global Health Action, vol. 8, doi : 27106.&nbsp; &Agrave; t&eacute;l&eacute;charger &agrave; l&rsquo;adresse <a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalhealthaction.net\/index.php\/gha\/article\/view\/27106\">http:\/\/www.globalhealthaction.net\/index.php\/gha\/article\/view\/27106<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<strong>Hyperlien vers le texte int&eacute;gral (anglais) :<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalhealthaction.net\/index.php\/gha\/article\/view\/27106\">http:\/\/www.globalhealthaction.net\/index.php\/gha\/article\/view\/27106<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<strong>Hyperlien vers le texte int&eacute;gral (fran&ccedil;ais) :<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\tDisponible en anglais seulement<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<strong>Documents connexes :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n\t\t\tRapports sur l&rsquo;&eacute;tat de sant&eacute; des populations : la s&eacute;rie &laquo; Apprenons ensemble &raquo;. (2012). <a href=\"http:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/fr\/resources\/entry\/population-health-status-reporting\">http:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/fr\/resources\/entry\/population-health-status-reporting<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\tThe Public Health Observatory handbook of health inequalities measurement. (2005). <a href=\"http:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/fr\/resources\/entry\/the-public-health-observatory-handbook-of-health-inequalities-measurement\">http:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/fr\/resources\/entry\/the-public-health-observatory-handbook-of-health-inequalities-measurement<\/a> (en anglais, avec sommaire en fran&ccedil;ais)<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\tPromoting health equity &ndash; Choosing appropriate indicators: literature scan. (2013). <a href=\"http:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/fr\/resources\/entry\/promoting-health-equity-choosing-appropriate-indicators-literature-scan\">http:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/fr\/resources\/entry\/promoting-health-equity-choosing-appropriate-indicators-literature-scan<\/a> (en anglais, avec sommaire en fran&ccedil;ais)<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\tR&eacute;duction des &eacute;carts : l&rsquo;utilisation de mesures socio&eacute;conomiques g&eacute;ographiques pour examiner la sant&eacute; de la population &ndash; cybercours. (2012). <a href=\"http:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/fr\/resources\/entry\/reducing-gaps-online-course\">http:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/fr\/resources\/entry\/reducing-gaps-online-course<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\tUne strat&eacute;gie et des indicateurs pour la surveillance des in&eacute;galit&eacute;s sociales de sant&eacute; au Qu&eacute;bec. (2013). <a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8001\/fr\/learn\/\/entry\/une-strategie-et-des-indicateurs-pour-la-surveillance-des-inegalites-social\">http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8001\/fr\/learn\/\/entry\/une-strategie-et-des-indicateurs-pour-la-surveillance-des-inegalites-social<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article provides a clear and accessible review of issues related to understanding, measuring and assessing health inequalities. The authors also consider implications for developing program and policy interventions to reduce health inequalities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":9424,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"keyword":[148,153],"nccdh-series":[],"producer":[],"resource-type":[],"role":[77,161],"class_list":["post-7002","resource","type-resource","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","keyword-concepts-cles","keyword-methodes-et-outils","role-assess-and-report","role-evaluer-et-faire-rapport"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Arcaya_Thumbnail-jpg.webp",140,180,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Arcaya_Thumbnail-140x150.webp",140,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Arcaya_Thumbnail-jpg.webp",140,180,false],"medium_large":["https:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Arcaya_Thumbnail-jpg.webp",140,180,false],"large":["https:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Arcaya_Thumbnail-jpg.webp",140,180,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Arcaya_Thumbnail-jpg.webp",140,180,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Arcaya_Thumbnail-jpg.webp",140,180,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Caralyn Vossen","author_link":"https:\/\/nccdh-dev.media-doc.ca\/fr\/author\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"This article provides a clear and accessible review of issues related to understanding, measuring and assessing health inequalities. 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